Overview
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infection, usually of the lungs, caused by bacteria that spread through the air when a person with active TB coughs. Pakistan has one of the highest TB burdens in the world, but TB is curable with a full course of medicines, usually 6 months. Free diagnosis and treatment is available at government TB centres.
Causes
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, spread by coughing and sneezing
Risk factors
- Close contact with someone with TB
- Weak immunity, diabetes, HIV and malnutrition
- Smoking
- Crowded, poorly ventilated living spaces
Symptoms
- Cough for more than 2 weeks, sometimes with blood
- Fever, especially in the evening
- Night sweats
- Weight loss and poor appetite
- Tiredness and chest pain
Diagnosis
TB is diagnosed with sputum tests (including GeneXpert), a chest X-ray and sometimes other tests. Contacts of a TB patient should also be checked.
Management
- A full course of combination TB medicines, taken every day without missing doses
- Regular follow-up with your doctor or TB centre
- Good nutrition
- Covering the mouth when coughing and keeping rooms airy
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you have a cough for more than 2 weeks, cough up blood, or have fever, night sweats and weight loss. Never stop TB medicines early, even if you feel better.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.