Overview
Mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety are common and treatable. Depression causes a lasting low mood and loss of interest, while anxiety brings constant worry, fear or panic. They are medical conditions, not a weakness, and talking about them is the first step to feeling better.
Causes
- A mix of genes, brain chemistry and life events
- Stress, loss, money or family problems
- Long-term illness
- Hormone changes, including after childbirth
Risk factors
- Family history
- Previous episodes
- Ongoing stress or trauma
- Loneliness
- Alcohol or drug use
Symptoms
- Low mood, sadness or emptiness most of the day
- Loss of interest in things you used to enjoy
- Constant worry, restlessness or panic attacks
- Poor sleep or sleeping too much
- Tiredness and poor concentration
- Feelings of guilt or hopelessness
Diagnosis
A doctor or psychiatrist talks with you about your feelings, thoughts and daily life, and may use simple questionnaires. Blood tests may rule out problems such as thyroid disease.
Management
- Talking therapies and counselling
- Medicines such as SSRIs (escitalopram, sertraline), prescribed and reviewed by a doctor
- Regular sleep, activity and time outdoors
- Support from family and friends
- Avoiding alcohol and drugs
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if low mood or anxiety lasts more than 2 weeks or affects your work, studies or relationships. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, get help straight away: speak to someone you trust, your doctor, or go to the nearest emergency department.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.