Overview
Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressing condition of the brain in which cells that make dopamine are lost. This affects movement, causing shaking, stiffness and slowness. It usually starts after 60. There is no cure yet, but medicines and therapy can control symptoms well for many years.
Causes
- Loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain
- Exact cause not known; a mix of genes and environment
Risk factors
- Age over 60
- Being male
- Family history
- Long-term exposure to some pesticides
Symptoms
- Shaking (tremor), often starting in one hand at rest
- Stiff muscles
- Slow movement and small steps
- Poor balance
- Soft speech, small handwriting and less facial expression
- Constipation, poor sleep and low mood
Diagnosis
Diagnosed by a neurologist based on symptoms and examination. Scans may be used to rule out other causes.
Management
- Medicines such as levodopa combinations, taken exactly on time
- Physiotherapy, exercise and balance training
- Speech therapy
- Making the home safe to prevent falls
- Never stopping medicines suddenly
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for a new tremor, stiffness or slowness. Tell your neurologist about falls, confusion, hallucinations or medicines wearing off before the next dose.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.