Overview
Digestive problems such as constipation, diarrhoea, bloating and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are very common. Most are linked to diet, fluids, stress or infection and improve with simple changes, while some need medicines or tests.
Causes
- Low fibre and too little water (constipation)
- Gut infections from unsafe food or water (diarrhoea, dysentery)
- IBS, a sensitive gut often triggered by stress and certain foods
- Some medicines
- Lack of activity
Risk factors
- Diet low in fruit, vegetables and whole grains
- Stress and irregular meals
- Unsafe drinking water
- Older age and pregnancy (constipation)
Symptoms
- Hard or infrequent stools
- Loose, frequent stools
- Bloating and gas
- Cramping tummy pain that eases after the toilet (IBS)
- Nausea
Diagnosis
Usually diagnosed from your symptoms. Stool tests, blood tests or a colonoscopy may be advised if there are warning signs.
Management
- More fibre, fruit and vegetables, and plenty of water
- ORS for diarrhoea to prevent dehydration
- Gentle laxatives such as lactulose for constipation
- Antispasmodics such as mebeverine for IBS cramps
- Regular meals, exercise and managing stress
When to see a doctor
See a doctor for blood in the stool, weight loss, severe or lasting pain, diarrhoea for more than 2 days (sooner in children), signs of dehydration, or a change in bowel habit after age 40.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.