Overview
Colds and flu are viral infections of the nose, throat and airways. A cold is usually mild and improves within a week; flu comes on more suddenly with fever and body aches. Cough is a common symptom that can linger for a few weeks after the infection. Antibiotics do not work against these viruses.
Causes
- Cold viruses (such as rhinovirus)
- Influenza (flu) virus
- Allergies and smoke can also cause cough and a runny nose
- Bacterial sinus or chest infections, less often
Risk factors
- Close contact with infected people
- Winter season and smog
- Young children and older adults
- Smoking
- Asthma or other long-term conditions
Symptoms
- Sore throat
- Blocked or runny nose and sneezing
- Cough, dry or with phlegm
- Fever and body aches (more with flu)
- Tiredness
Diagnosis
Usually diagnosed from the symptoms. Your doctor may check your chest or order tests if symptoms are severe or last long.
Management
- Rest, warm fluids and steam inhalation
- Paracetamol or ibuprofen for fever and aches
- Decongestants or saline sprays for a blocked nose, if suitable
- Cough syrups for comfort
- Washing hands often; a yearly flu vaccine for high-risk groups
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if symptoms last more than 10 days, you cough up blood or thick coloured phlegm, have chest pain or a high fever, or if a baby or older person is unwell. Get urgent help for difficulty breathing.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.