Overview
Anaemia means having too few healthy red blood cells or too little haemoglobin, so the body gets less oxygen. Iron deficiency is the most common cause and affects many women and children in Pakistan. Low vitamin B12 and folic acid can also cause anaemia and tiredness.
Causes
- Low iron in the diet
- Blood loss from heavy periods or stomach bleeding
- Pregnancy, when iron needs rise
- Low vitamin B12 or folic acid
- Worm infections
Risk factors
- Women with heavy periods
- Pregnancy
- Vegetarian diet (low B12)
- Young children
- Long-term illness
Symptoms
- Tiredness and weakness
- Pale skin
- Shortness of breath on effort
- Dizziness and headache
- Fast heartbeat
- Brittle nails or hair loss
Diagnosis
A blood test (complete blood count) shows anaemia. Further tests check iron, ferritin, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels to find the cause.
Management
- Iron-rich foods: meat, liver, lentils, beans, spinach and dates
- Vitamin C with meals to help iron absorption
- Iron, folic acid and B12 supplements as advised
- Avoiding tea with meals
- Treating the cause, such as heavy periods or worms
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you feel tired and breathless for no clear reason, look pale, or have heavy periods. Iron overdose is dangerous for children, so keep tablets out of reach.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.