Overview
Pain and inflammation are the body's response to injury, strain or disease. Common types include headache, back pain, muscle and joint pain, arthritis, dental pain and period pain. Short-term pain usually settles with rest and simple painkillers, while long-lasting pain needs a proper check to find the cause.
Causes
- Muscle strain and sprains
- Arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout)
- Back and neck problems
- Headache and migraine
- Dental problems
- Period pain
- Injuries
Risk factors
- Heavy lifting and poor posture
- Being overweight (joint pain)
- Older age
- Long hours sitting or repetitive work
- Previous injuries
Symptoms
- Aching, throbbing or sharp pain
- Swelling, warmth or redness around a joint
- Stiffness, especially in the morning
- Reduced movement
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about the pain and examine the area. Depending on the cause, X-rays, blood tests (such as uric acid or rheumatoid factor) or scans may be needed.
Management
- Rest, then gentle movement as the pain eases
- Cold packs for new injuries, warmth for stiff muscles
- Paracetamol for mild pain
- Anti-inflammatory medicines (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen) for a short time, with food, if suitable for you
- Physiotherapy and exercises for long-term pain
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if pain is severe, lasts more than a week, follows an injury, or comes with fever, numbness, weakness or swelling. Painkillers can upset the stomach and kidneys; ask before using them regularly.
This information is for general awareness and does not replace advice from your doctor. Prescription medicines are supplied only against a valid prescription. Questions? Ask our pharmacist on WhatsApp.